Cardiac Surgery

A rare anomaly where the left coronary artery arises from the pulmonary artery; it is re-implanted into the ascending aorta.

Aortic valve and ascending aorta replaced with an artificial valve and graft, with the coronary buttons re-implanted.

A communication between the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery closed with a prosthetic or pericardial patch.

A defect in the septum between the left and right atria closed surgically with a pericardial patch.

A complex defect: the two incompletely formed valves are repaired and the deficient atrial/ventricular septa reconstituted.

Aortic Valve Replacement with a mechanical or bio-prosthetic (tissue) valve.

Improves blood flow to the lungs by connecting the superior vena cava to the right pulmonary artery.

A palliative procedure for cyanotic defects (commonly Tetralogy of Fallot), connecting the subclavian to the pulmonary artery with a graft.

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft — blocked coronary arteries bypassed using conduits from elsewhere in the body, often off-pump.

A narrowed segment of the aorta is removed and the ends rejoined directly or bridged with a prosthetic graft.

An abnormal membrane dividing the left atrium into two chambers is surgically removed.

Abnormal obstructing muscle bundles inside the right ventricle are surgically removed.

In double-outlet right ventricle, the VSD is closed so the left ventricle pumps to the aorta and the right to the pulmonary artery.

For single-ventricle hearts, systemic venous return is routed directly to the pulmonary circulation.

Removal of tumours and cysts in the lungs.

Surgical repair of the mitral valve.

Mitral Valve Replacement with a mechanical or bio-prosthetic (tissue) valve.

Excision of a myxoma — a connective-tissue tumour usually found in the heart chambers.

Misrouted pulmonary veins re-routed to the left atrium, with closure of the associated ASD.

The patent ductus arteriosus, a connection between the pulmonary artery and aorta, is tied off or divided.

For constrictive pericarditis, the adhered pericardium is surgically removed.

Closure of a ruptured sinus of Valsalva into a right-sided heart chamber.

Excision of an obstructing sub-aortic membrane below the aortic valve.

Surgical repair of severe narrowing above the aortic valve in the ascending aorta.

All pulmonary veins, draining abnormally into the right atrium, are re-routed to the left atrium.

Transposition correction via atrial-level (Senning, Mustard) or arterial-switch (Jatene) operations with coronary transfer.

Excision of the thymus gland for myasthenia gravis or thymic tumours.

For Tetralogy of Fallot, the VSD is closed and the right ventricular outflow tract reconstructed.

Surgical closure of an abnormal opening in the septum between the left and right ventricles.